The History Of Hanukkah

Once a year, Jewish children all over the world play a game of chance called “dreidel” that uses four-sided spinning tops inscribed with Hebrew letters. The game is played during Hanukkah and commemorates a miraculous event that took place over 2,000 years ago in Jerusalem.

The game, like Hanukkah itself, recalls the victory of a small band of determined Jewish fighters, led by Judah Maccabee, over an army of invaders. After driving their enemies from the city of Jerusalem, the Jews were then able to rededicate their holy temple by lighting its menorah — a branched candelabrum.

According to tradition, the Jewish faithful could find only a one-day supply of ceremonial oil to light the menorah, yet the flames lasted for eight days until they could produce more. This was viewed as a miracle, and to this day Jews memorialize the event by lighting the menorah in their homes, saying special prayers, singing songs and preparing traditional meals.

Celebrants often prepare fried foods as a symbol of the legend of the oil that lasted eight days — especially latkes (potato pancakes) and sufganya, a jelly-filled doughnut.

Children playing the game dreidel in Israel sing the Hebrew words “Nes gadol haya po,” meaning “a great miracle occurred here.” In the United States and in Jewish homes outside of Israel, the children say, “Nes gadol haya sham,” meaning “a great miracle occurred there.”

Across the United States, synagogues hold latke dinners and retell the story of Hanukkah. For example, at the Washington Hebrew Congregation in Washington, the synagogue will host a ‘Who wants to be a Maccabee?’ celebration for families and will retell the story of the Maccabees and the miracle of the light through song. And on the grounds of the White House in Washington each year, the National Menorah Lighting Ceremony includes musical performances, hot latkes and doughnuts.

Hanukkah is a time for Jewish families around the world to celebrate the miracles of the past and promises of the future. Worldwide, Hanukkah is a joyful custom that calls on the faithful to remember and celebrate a miraculous occurrence in Jewish history.

The holiday is not one of the High Holy Days in the Jewish calendar marked by self-reflection and atonement: Rosh Hashana (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement). The dates of Hanukkah vary based on the Jewish calendar.